Seedlings are grown in a nursery under controlled conditions. Once the forest area is prepared, the seedlings are planted during the next possible planting season – usually in the spring, although sometimes the seedlings are planted in the fall. Ponderosa pine is typically planted at lower elevations, while Douglas-fir and lodgepole pine are planted at higher elevations. Other species can be planted as well, depending on the needs of a particular forest. Species are carefully selected for the specific areas where they will be planted to: 1) accomplish long-term reforestation goals and; 2) give them the best chance of survival.

Forest Service professionals monitor the growth and overall health of the trees after they are planted, ensuring that they are cared for properly. Competing species of trees and other vegetation are controlled to provide seedlings an opportunity to thrive.